Canada is a country in North America. Its ten provinces and three territories extend from the Atlantic Ocean to the Pacific Ocean and northward into the Arctic Oceancovering over 9. Its southern and western border with the United Statesstretching 8, kilometres 5, http://replace.me/16993.txtis the world’s longest binational land border. Canada’s capital is Ottawaand its ofice largest metropolitan areas are TorontoMontrealand Vancouver.

Indigenous peoples have continuously inhabited what is now Canada for thousands of years. Beginning in the 16th century, British and French expeditions explored and later settled along the Atlantic coast. As a consequence of various armed conflictsFrance ceded nearly all of its colonies in North America in Inwith the union of three British North American colonies through ConfederationCanada was formed as a federal dominion of four provinces.

This began an accretion of provinces and territories and a process of increasing autonomy from microsift United Kingdom. This widening autonomy was highlighted by the Statute of Westminster and culminated in the Canada Actwhich severed the vestiges of legal dependence on the Parliament of the United Kingdom. Canada is a parliamentary democracy and a constitutional monarchy in the Westminster tradition. The country’s head of government is the prime minister —who holds office by virtue of their ability to command the confidence of the elected House of Commons —and is appointed by the governor generalrepresenting the monarchwho serves as head of страница. The country is a Fee realm and is officially bilingual English and Feee at the federal level.

It ranks among the highest in international measurements of government transparency, civil liberties, quality of life, economic freedomand education. It is one of the world’s most ethnically diverse and multicultural nations, the product нажмите чтобы узнать больше microsoft office home and student 2016 dfo free immigration from many other countries.

Canada’s long and complex relationship with the United States has had a significant impact on its economy and culture. A highly developed countryCanada has the 24th highest nominal per capita income globally and the sixteenth-highest ranking on the Human Development Index. Its advanced economy is the eighth-largest in the worldrelying chiefly upon its abundant natural resources and well-developed offife trade networks.

While a variety of theories have been postulated for the etymological origins of Canadathe name is now accepted as coming from the St. Lawrence Iroquoian word kanatameaning “village” or “settlement”. From the 16th to the early 18th century, ” Canada ” referred to the part of New France that lay along the Saint Lawrence River.

These two microsoft office home and student 2016 dfo free were collectively named the Canadas until their union as the British Province of Canada in Upon Confederation inCanada was adopted as the legal name for the new country at the London Conferenceand the word Dominion was conferred as the country’s title.

Laurent ended the practice of using Dominion in the statutes of Canada in The Canada Actwhich brought the constitution of Canada fully under Canadian control, referred only to Canada. Later that year, the name of the national holiday was changed from Dominion Day to Canada Anr. The first inhabitants of North America are generally hypothesized to have migrated from Siberia by way of the Bering land bridge and arrived at least 14, years ago.

The Indigenous population at the time of the first European settlements is estimated to have been betweenoffiec and two million, [29] with a hpme ofaccepted by Canada’s Royal Commission on Aboriginal Peoples. Although not without conflict, European Canadians ‘ early mircosoft with First Nations and Inuit populations were relatively peaceful. It is believed that the first European microsoft office home and student 2016 dfo free explore the east coast of Canada was Norse explorer Leif Erikson.

John’s, Newfoundlandas the first North American English seasonal camp. The English established additional settlements in Newfoundland in along with settlements in windows 10 info free download Thirteen Colonies to the south. John’s Island now Prince Edward Island became a separate colony in After the successful American War of Independence, the Treaty of Microsoft office home and student 2016 dfo free recognized the independence of the newly formed United States and set the terms of peace, ceding British North American territories south of the Great Lakes and east of the Mississippi Studrnt to the new country.

Many moved to Canada, particularly Atlantic Canada, where their arrival changed the demographic distribution of the existing territories. New Brunswick was in turn split from Nova Scotia as part of microsoft office home and student 2016 dfo free reorganization of Loyalist settlements in the Maritimes, which led to the incorporation of Saint John, New Brunswickas Canada’s first city. Peace came in ; no boundaries were changed. The desire for responsible government resulted in the studet Rebellions of Alberta and Saskatchewan became provinces in To open the West and encourage European immigration, Parliament approved sponsoring the construction of three transcontinental railways including the Canadian Pacific Railwayopening the prairies to settlement with the Dominion Lands Act microsoftt, and establishing the North-West Mounted Police to assert its authority over this territory.

Because Britain still maintained control of Canada’s foreign affairs under the British North America Act,its declaration of war in microsoft office home and student 2016 dfo free brought Canada into World War I. The Great Depression in Canada during the early s saw an economic downturn, leading to hardship across the country.

The delay underscored Canada’s independence. The first Canadian Hpme units arrived in Britain in December In all, over a million Canadians served in the armed forces during World War II and approximately 42, were killed and another 55, were wounded.

The Посетить страницу источник economy boomed during the war as its industries manufactured military materiel for Canada, Britain, Chinaand the Soviet Union.

The financial crisis of the Great Depression had led the Dominion of Newfoundland to relinquish responsible government in and become a Crown colony ruled by a British governor. Canada’s post-war economic growth, combined with the policies of successive Liberal governments, led to the emergence of a new Canadian identitymarked by the adoption of the Maple Leaf Flag in[97] the implementation of official bilingualism English and French in[98] and the institution of official multiculturalism in Finally, another series of constitutional conferences resulted in the UK’s Canada Actthe patriation of Canada’s constitution from the United Kingdom, concurrent with the creation of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms.

At the same time, Quebec underwent profound social and economic changes through the Quiet Revolution of the s, giving birth to a secular nationalist movement. Attempts to accommodate Quebec nationalism constitutionally through the Meech Lake Accord failed in In addition to the issues of Quebec sovereignty, a number of crises shook Canadian society in the late s and early s.

By total area including its watersCanada is the microsoft office home and student 2016 dfo free country in the world, after Russia. Canada can be divided into seven physiographic regions: the Canadian Shieldthe interior plainsthe Great Lakes-St.

Lawrence River in the southeast where the lowlands host much of Canada’s economic output. Average winter and summer high temperatures across Canada vary from region to hime.

Coastal British Columbia has a temperate climate, with a mild and rainy winter. Much of Northern Canada is covered by ice and permafrost. The future of the permafrost is uncertain because the Arctic has been warming at three times the global average as a result of climate change in Canada. Canada is divided into fifteen terrestrial and five marine ecozones. Approximately It is dominated by old-growth forest free over 2, lakes microsoft office home and student 2016 dfo free 1, kilometres of streams and увидеть больше. Canada is described as a ” full democracy “, [] with a tradition of liberalism[] and an egalitarian[] moderate political ideology.

At the federal level, Canada has been dominated by two relatively centrist parties practising “brokerage politics”, [a] the centre-left leaning Liberal Party of Canada and the centre-right free Conservative Party http://replace.me/3383.txt Canada or its predecessors.

Canada has a parliamentary microsoft office home and student 2016 dfo free within the context of a constitutional monarchy —the monarchy of Canada being the foundation of the microsoft office home and student 2016 dfo free, legislativeand judicial branches. The person who is the Canadian monarch fdo the same as the British monarchalthough the two institutions are separate. While the monarchy is the source of authority in Canada, in practice its position is mainly symbolic.

The governor general or monarch may, though, in certain crisis situations exercise their power without ministerial advice. Each of the members страница Parliament in the House of Commons is elected by simple plurality in an electoral district or riding. General elections http://replace.me/4594.txt Canada must be called by the governor general, either on the advice of the prime minister or if the government loses a confidence vote in the House.

The members of the Senate, whose seats are apportioned on a regional basis, serve until age Canadian federalism divides government responsibilities between the federal government and the ten provinces. Provincial legislatures are unicameral and operate in parliamentary fashion similar to the House of Commons.

The Bank of Canada is the central bank of the country. In addition, the minister of finance and minister of innovation, science and industry utilize the Statistics Canada agency for financial planning and economic policy development.

The Constitution of Canada is the supreme law of the country, and consists of written text and unwritten conventions. Canada’s judiciary plays an important role in interpreting laws and has the power to strike down Acts of Parliament that violate the constitution. The Supreme Court of Canada is the highest court and final arbiter and has been led since December 18,by Richard Wagnerthe chief justice of Canada. All judges at the superior and appellate levels are appointed after consultation with non-governmental legal ссылка на подробности. The federal Cabinet also appoints justices to superior courts in the provincial and territorial jurisdictions.

Common law prevails everywhere except in Quebec, where civil law predominates. Canadian Aboriginal law provides certain constitutionally recognized rights to land and traditional practices for Indigenous groups in Canada.

Canada is recognized as a middle power for its role in international affairs with frde tendency to pursue multilateral solutions. Canada and the United States share the world’s longest undefended border, co-operate on military campaigns and exercises, and are each other’s largest trading partner. Canada maintains historic ties to the United Kingdom and France and to other former British and French colonies through Canada’s membership in the Commonwealth of Nations and the Organisation internationale de la Francophonie.

During the Suez Crisis offuture prime minister Lester B. Pearson eased tensions by proposing the inception of the United Nations Peacekeeping Forcemicrodoft which he was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize. InCanada deployed troops to Afghanistan as part of the U.

The nation employs a professional, volunteer military force of approximately 79, active personnel and 32, reserve personnel. Canada is a federation composed of ten provinces and three territories. Together, the provinces collect more revenue than the federal government, an almost unique structure among federations in the world.

Using its spending powers, the federal government can initiate national policies in provincial areas, such as the Canada Health Act ; the provinces can opt out of these, but rarely do so in practice. Equalization payments are made by the federal government to ensure reasonably uniform standards of services and taxation are kept between the richer and poorer provinces.

The major difference between a Canadian province and a territory is that provinces receive their power homr authority from the Constitution Act,whereas territorial governments have powers delegated to them by the Parliament of Canada. The territories being creatures of microsoft office home and student 2016 dfo free federal government, changes to their role and division of powers may be performed unilaterally by the Parliament of Canada.

Since the early 20th microsoft office home and student 2016 dfo free, the growth of Canada’s manufacturing, mining, and service sectors has transformed the nation from a largely rural economy to an urbanized, industrial one. Canada is one of the few developed nations that microsoft office home and student 2016 dfo free net exporters of energy. The vastness of the Athabasca oil нажмите для продолжения and other assets results in Canada having a 13 percent share of global oil reservescomprising the world’s third-largest share after Venezuela and Saudi Arabia.

Canada dto has a sizeable manufacturing sector centred in southern Ontario and Quebec, with automobiles and aeronautics representing particularly important industries.

Problem with Microsoft Office Home and Business DFO apps – Microsoft Community

In formal language theorythe empty stringor empty wordis the unique string of length zero. Formally, a string is a finite, ordered sequence of characters such as letters, digits or spaces. The empty string is the special yome where the sequence has length zero, so there are no symbols in the string.

There is only one empty string, because two strings are only different if they have different lengths or a different sequence of symbols. In most programming languages, microsoft office home and student 2016 dfo free are a http://replace.me/4009.txt type. Strings are typically stored at distinct memory addresses locations.

Thus, the same string for example, the посмотреть еще string may be stored offive two or more places in memory. In this way, there could be multiple empty strings in memory, in contrast with the formal theory definition, for which there is only mcirosoft possible empty string. However, a string comparison function would indicate that all of these empty strings are equal to each other.

Even a string of length zero can жмите memory to store it, depending on the format being used. In most microsoft office home and student 2016 dfo free languages, microsoft office home and student 2016 dfo free empty string is distinct from a null reference or null mjcrosoft because a null reference points to ism for windows 10 string at all, not even the empty string.

The empty string is a legitimate string, upon which most string operations should work. Some languages treat some or all of the following in similar ways: empty strings, null references, the integer 0, the floating point number 0, the Boolean value falsethe ASCII character NULor other such values.

The empty string is usually represented similarly to other strings. In implementations with string terminating character null-terminated strings or plain text linesthe empty string is indicated by the immediate use of this terminating character. The empty string is a syntactically valid representation of zero in positional notation in any basewhich does not contain leading zeros.

Since the empty string does not have a standard visual representation outside of formal language theory, the number zero is traditionally represented by a single decimal digit 0 instead. Zero-filled memory area, interpreted as a null-terminated stringis an empty string. Empty lines of text show the empty string. This can occur from two consecutive EOLsas often occur in text filesand this is sometimes used in text processing to separate paragraphse. From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. The term “” redirects here.

For the printed character, see Quotation mark. Unique string of length zero. This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be http://replace.me/17248.txt and removed. This section needs expansion.

You can help by adding to it. March Journal of Symbolic Logic. JSTOR Categories : Formal languages String computer science Zero linguistics. Hidden categories: Articles with short description Short description is different from Wikidata Micdosoft needing additional references from November All articles needing additional references Articles to be expanded from March All articles to be expanded Articles using small message boxes.

Namespaces Article Talk. Views Read Edit View history. Microsoft office home and student 2016 dfo free Learn to edit Community portal Recent homd Upload file. Download as PDF Printable version. R [3]. Objective-C as a constant NSString object. Objective-C as a new NSString object. CVisual Basic.